org-mode/lisp/org-duration.el

;;; org-duration.el --- Library handling durations   -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2017  Nicolas Goaziou

;; Author: Nicolas Goaziou <mail@nicolasgoaziou.fr>
;; Keywords: outlines, hypermedia, calendar, wp

;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; This library provides tools to manipulate durations.  A duration
;; can have multiple formats:
;;
;;   - 3:12
;;   - 1:23:45
;;   - 1y 3d 3h 4min
;;   - 3d 13:35
;;   - 2.35h
;;
;; More accurately, it consists of numbers and units, as defined in
;; variable `org-duration-units', separated with white spaces, and
;; a "H:MM" or "H:MM:SS" part.  White spaces are tolerated between the
;; number and its relative unit.  Variable `org-duration-format'
;; controls durations default representation.
;;
;; The library provides functions allowing to convert a duration to,
;; and from, a number of minutes: `org-duration-to-minutes' and
;; `org-duration-from-minutes'.  It also provides two lesser tools:
;; `org-duration-p', and `org-duration-h:mm-only-p'.
;;
;; Users can set the number of minutes per unit, or define new units,
;; in `org-duration-units'.  The library also supports canonical
;; duration, i.e., a duration that doesn't depend on user's settings,
;; through optional arguments.

;;; Code:

(require 'cl-lib)
(require 'org-macs)
(declare-function org-trim "org-trim" (s &optional keep-lead))


;;; Public variables

(defconst org-duration-canonical-units
  `(("min" . 1)
    ("h" . 60)
    ("d" . ,(* 60 24)))
  "Canonical time duration units.
See `org-duration-units' for details.")

(defcustom org-duration-units
  `(("min" . 1)
    ("h" . 60)
    ("d" . ,(* 60 24))
    ("w" . ,(* 60 24 7))
    ("m" . ,(* 60 24 30))
    ("y" . ,(* 60 24 365.25)))
  "Conversion factor to minutes for a duration.

Each entry has the form (UNIT . MODIFIER).

In a duration string, a number followed by UNIT is multiplied by
the specified number of MODIFIER to obtain a duration in minutes.

For example, the following value

  \\=`((\"min\" . 1)
    (\"h\" . 60)
    (\"d\" . ,(* 60 8))
    (\"w\" . ,(* 60 8 5))
    (\"m\" . ,(* 60 8 5 4))
    (\"y\" . ,(* 60 8 5 4 10)))

is meaningful if you work an average of 8 hours per day, 5 days
a week, 4 weeks a month and 10 months a year.

When setting this variable outside the Customize interface, make
sure to call the following command:

  \\[org-duration-set-regexps]"
  :group 'org-agenda
  :version "26.1"
  :package-version '(Org . "9.1")
  :set (lambda (var val) (set-default var val) (org-duration-set-regexps))
  :initialize 'custom-initialize-changed
  :type '(choice
	  (const :tag "H:MM" 'h:mm)
	  (const :tag "H:MM:SS" 'h:mm:ss)
	  (alist :key-type (string :tag "Unit")
		 :value-type (number :tag "Modifier"))))

(defcustom org-duration-format '(("d" . nil) (special . h:mm))
  "Format definition for a duration.

The value can be set to, respectively, the symbols `h:mm:ss' or
`h:mm', which means a duration is expressed as, respectively,
a \"H:MM:SS\" or \"H:MM\" string.

Alternatively, the value can be a list of entries following the
pattern:

  (UNIT . REQUIRED?)

UNIT is a unit string, as defined in `org-duration-units'.  The
time duration is formatted using only the time components that
are specified here.

Units with a zero value are skipped, unless REQUIRED? is non-nil.
In that case, the unit is always used.

Eventually, the list can contain one of the following special
entries:

  (special . h:mm)
  (special . h:mm:ss)

    Units shorter than an hour are ignored.  The hours and
    minutes part of the duration is expressed unconditionally
    with H:MM, or H:MM:SS, pattern.

  (special . PRECISION)

    A duration is expressed with a single unit, PRECISION being
    the number of decimal places to show.  The unit chosen is the
    first one required or with a non-zero integer part.  If there
    is no such unit, the smallest one is used.

For example,

   ((\"d\" . nil) (\"h\" . t) (\"min\" . t))

means a duration longer than a day is expressed in days, hours
and minutes, whereas a duration shorter than a day is always
expressed in hours and minutes, even when shorter than an hour.

On the other hand, the value

  ((\"d\" . nil) (\"min\" . nil))

means a duration longer than a day is expressed in days and
minutes, whereas a duration shorter than a day is expressed
entirely in minutes, even when longer than an hour.

The following format

  ((\"d\" . nil) (special . h:mm))

means that any duration longer than a day is expressed with both
a \"d\" unit and a \"H:MM\" part, whereas a duration shorter than
a day is expressed only as a \"H:MM\" string.

Eventually,

  ((\"d\" . nil) (\"h\" . nil) (special . 2))

expresses a duration longer than a day as a decimal number, with
a 2-digits fractional part, of \"d\" unit.  A duration shorter
than a day uses \"h\" unit instead."
  :group 'org-time
  :group 'org-clock
  :version "26.1"
  :package-version '(Org . "9.1")
  :type '(choice
	  (const :tag "Use H:MM" h:mm)
	  (const :tag "Use H:MM:SS" h:mm:ss)
	  (repeat :tag "Use units"
		  (choice
		   (cons :tag "Use units"
			 (string :tag "Unit")
			 (choice (const :tag "Skip when zero" nil)
				 (const :tag "Always used" t)))
		   (cons :tag "Use a single decimal unit"
			 (const special)
			 (integer :tag "Number of decimals"))
		   (cons :tag "Use both units and H:MM"
			 (const special)
			 (const h:mm))
		   (cons :tag "Use both units and H:MM:SS"
			 (const special)
			 (const h:mm:ss))))))


;;; Internal variables and functions

(defconst org-duration--h:mm-re
  "\\`[ \t]*[0-9]+\\(?::[0-9]\\{2\\}\\)\\{1,2\\}[ \t]*\\'"
  "Regexp matching a duration expressed with H:MM or H:MM:SS format.
See `org-duration--h:mm:ss-re' to only match the latter.  Hours
can use any number of digits.")

(defconst org-duration--h:mm:ss-re
  "\\`[ \t]*[0-9]+\\(?::[0-9]\\{2\\}\\)\\{2\\}[ \t]*\\'"
  "Regexp matching a duration expressed H:MM:SS format.
See `org-duration--h:mm-re' to also support H:MM format.  Hours
can use any number of digits.")

(defvar org-duration--unit-re nil
  "Regexp matching a duration with an unit.
Allowed units are defined in `org-duration-units'.  Match group
1 contains the bare number.  Match group 2 contains the unit.")

(defvar org-duration--full-re nil
  "Regexp matching a duration expressed with units.
Allowed units are defined in `org-duration-units'.")

(defvar org-duration--mixed-re nil
  "Regexp matching a duration expressed with units and H:MM or H:MM:SS format.
Allowed units are defined in `org-duration-units'.  Match group
1 contains units part.  Match group 2 contains H:MM or H:MM:SS
part.")

(defun org-duration--modifier (unit &optional canonical)
  "Return modifier associated to string UNIT.
When optional argument CANONICAL is non-nil, refer to
`org-duration-canonical-units' instead of `org-duration-units'."
  (or (cdr (assoc unit (if canonical
			   org-duration-canonical-units
			 org-duration-units)))
      (error "Unknown unit: %S" unit)))


;;; Public functions

;;;###autoload
(defun org-duration-set-regexps ()
  "Set duration related regexps."
  (interactive)
  (setq org-duration--unit-re
	(concat "\\([0-9]+\\(?:\\.[0-9]*\\)?\\)[ \t]*"
		;; Since user-defined units in `org-duration-units'
		;; can differ from canonical units in
		;; `org-duration-canonical-units', include both in
		;; regexp.
		(regexp-opt (mapcar #'car (append org-duration-canonical-units
						  org-duration-units))
			    t)))
  (setq org-duration--full-re
	(format "\\`[ \t]*%s\\(?:[ \t]+%s\\)*[ \t]*\\'"
		org-duration--unit-re
		org-duration--unit-re))
  (setq org-duration--mixed-re
	(format "\\`[ \t]*\\(?1:%s\\(?:[ \t]+%s\\)*\\)[ \t]+\
\\(?2:[0-9]+\\(?::[0-9][0-9]\\)\\{1,2\\}\\)[ \t]*\\'"
		org-duration--unit-re
		org-duration--unit-re)))

;;;###autoload
(defun org-duration-p (s)
  "Non-nil when string S is a time duration."
  (and (stringp s)
       (or (string-match-p org-duration--full-re s)
	   (string-match-p org-duration--mixed-re s)
	   (string-match-p org-duration--h:mm-re s))))

;;;###autoload
(defun org-duration-to-minutes (duration &optional canonical)
  "Return number of minutes of DURATION string.

When optional argument CANONICAL is non-nil, ignore
`org-duration-units' and use standard time units value.

As a special case, a bare number represents minutes.

Return value as a float.  Raise an error if duration format is
not recognized."
  (cond
   ((numberp duration) (float duration))
   ((string-match-p org-duration--h:mm-re duration)
    (pcase-let ((`(,hours ,minutes ,seconds)
		 (mapcar #'string-to-number (split-string duration ":"))))
      (+ (/ (or seconds 0) 60.0) minutes (* 60 hours))))
   ((string-match-p org-duration--full-re duration)
    (let ((minutes 0)
	  (s 0))
      (while (string-match org-duration--unit-re duration s)
	(setq s (match-end 0))
	(let ((value (string-to-number (match-string 1 duration)))
	      (unit (match-string 2 duration)))
	  (cl-incf minutes (* value (org-duration--modifier unit canonical)))))
      (float minutes)))
   ((string-match org-duration--mixed-re duration)
    (let ((units-part (match-string 1 duration))
	  (hms-part (match-string 2 duration)))
      (+ (org-duration-to-minutes units-part)
	 (org-duration-to-minutes hms-part))))
   ((string-match-p "\\`[0-9]+\\(\\.[0-9]*\\)?\\'" duration)
    (float (string-to-number duration)))
   (t (error "Invalid duration format: %S" duration))))

;;;###autoload
(defun org-duration-from-minutes (minutes &optional fmt canonical)
  "Return duration string for a given number of MINUTES.

Format duration according to `org-duration-format' or FMT, when
non-nil.

When optional argument CANONICAL is non-nil, ignore
`org-duration-units' and use standard time units value.

Raise an error if expected format is unknown."
  (pcase (or fmt org-duration-format)
    (`h:mm
     (let ((minutes (floor minutes)))
       (format "%d:%02d" (/ minutes 60) (mod minutes 60))))
    (`h:mm:ss
     (let ((seconds (floor (* 60 minutes)) ))
       (format "%s:%02d"
	       (org-duration-from-minutes (/ seconds 60) 'h:mm)
	       (mod seconds 60))))
    ((pred atom) (error "Invalid duration format specification: %S" fmt))
    ;; Mixed format.  Call recursively the function on both parts.
    ((and duration-format
	  (let `(special . ,(and mode (or `h:mm:ss `h:mm)))
	    (assq 'special duration-format)))
     (let* ((truncated-format
	     ;; Remove "special" mode from duration format in order to
	     ;; recurse properly.  Also remove units smaller or equal
	     ;; to an hour since H:MM part takes care of it.
	     (cl-remove-if-not
	      (lambda (pair)
		(pcase pair
		  (`(,(and unit (pred stringp)) . ,_)
		   (> (org-duration--modifier unit canonical) 60))
		  (_ nil)))
	      duration-format))
	    (min-modifier		;smallest modifier above hour
	     (and truncated-format
		  (apply #'min
			 (mapcar (lambda (p)
				   (org-duration--modifier (car p) canonical))
				 truncated-format)))))
       (if (or (null min-modifier) (< minutes min-modifier))
	   ;; There is not unit above the hour or the smallest unit
	   ;; above the hour is too large for the number of minutes we
	   ;; need to represent.  Use H:MM or H:MM:SS syntax.
	   (org-duration-from-minutes minutes mode canonical)
	 ;; Represent minutes above hour using provided units and H:MM
	 ;; or H:MM:SS below.
	 (let* ((units-part (* min-modifier (floor (/ minutes min-modifier))))
		(minutes-part (- minutes units-part)))
	   (concat
	    (org-duration-from-minutes units-part truncated-format canonical)
	    " "
	    (org-duration-from-minutes minutes-part mode))))))
    ;; Units format.
    (duration-format
     (let* ((fractional
	     (let ((digits (cdr (assq 'special duration-format))))
	       (and digits
		    (or (wholenump digits)
			(error "Unknown formatting directive: %S" digits))
		    (format "%%.%df" digits))))
	    (selected-units
	     (sort (cl-remove-if
		    ;; Ignore special format cells.
		    (lambda (pair) (pcase pair (`(special . ,_) t) (_ nil)))
		    duration-format)
		   (lambda (a b)
		     (> (org-duration--modifier (car a) canonical)
			(org-duration--modifier (car b) canonical))))))
       (cond
	;; Fractional duration: use first unit that is either required
	;; or smaller than MINUTES.
	(fractional
	 (let* ((unit (car
		       (or (cl-find-if
			    (lambda (pair)
			      (pcase pair
				(`(,u . ,req?)
				 (or req?
				     (<= (org-duration--modifier u canonical)
					 minutes)))))
			    selected-units)
			   ;; Fall back to smallest unit.
			   (org-last selected-units))))
		(modifier (org-duration--modifier unit canonical)))
	   (concat (format fractional (/ (float minutes) modifier)) unit)))
	;; Otherwise build duration string according to available
	;; units.
	((org-string-nw-p
	  (org-trim
	   (mapconcat
	    (lambda (units)
	      (pcase-let* ((`(,unit . ,required?) units)
			   (modifier (org-duration--modifier unit canonical)))
		(cond ((<= modifier minutes)
		       (let ((value (floor (/ minutes modifier))))
			 (cl-decf minutes (* value modifier))
			 (format " %d%s" value unit)))
		      (required? (concat " 0" unit))
		      (t ""))))
	    selected-units
	    ""))))
	;; No unit can properly represent MINUTES.  Use the smallest
	;; one anyway.
	(t
	 (pcase-let ((`((,unit . ,_)) (last selected-units)))
	   (concat
	    (if (not fractional) "0"
	      (let ((modifier (org-duration--modifier unit canonical)))
		(format fractional (/ (float minutes) modifier))))
	    unit))))))))

;;;###autoload
(defun org-duration-h:mm-only-p (times)
  "Non-nil when every duration in TIMES has \"H:MM\" or \"H:MM:SS\" format.

TIMES is a list of duration strings.

Return nil if any duration is expressed with units, as defined in
`org-duration-units'.  Otherwise, if any duration is expressed
with \"H:MM:SS\" format, return `h:mm:ss'.  Otherwise, return
`h:mm'."
  (let (hms-flag)
    (catch :exit
      (dolist (time times)
	(cond ((string-match-p org-duration--full-re time)
	       (throw :exit nil))
	      ((string-match-p org-duration--mixed-re time)
	       (throw :exit nil))
	      (hms-flag nil)
	      ((string-match-p org-duration--h:mm:ss-re time)
	       (setq hms-flag 'h:mm:ss))))
      (or hms-flag 'h:mm))))


;;; Initialization

(org-duration-set-regexps)

(provide 'org-duration)
;;; org-duration.el ends here